Dissertation on Arab Israeli Conflict
In this paper I will investigate in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, describe the scope of the conflict, provide the brief description of the conflict’s history, as well as the history of wars, and present the peace plans for the future.
Arab-Israeli conflict has the wide history scope that dates back for about a century of open hostilities and political tensions. It is tightly connected with the foundation of the Zionist movement and the establishment of the modern State of Israel. The conflict concerns the relationships of Arab countries and Israel that started before the World War I, in the beginning of the 20th century. In order to understand the matter of the conflict it is important to follow its emergence and analyze its reasons.
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Even though the territory of conflict was very small, this Arab-Israeli conflict attracted much attention from the side of worldwide media, international organizations and diplomatic authorities. Many people, organizations and countries were involved in the conflict for having many connections with Islam, Arab and Jewish culture, Judaism, etc. To some extent, this conflict can be viewed as the part of the larger ideological conflict of the Western and Arab world (Reich 56).
The history of the conflict dates back to the end of the 19th century and there can be named five important periods or levels of its development. The first period started at the end of the 19th century and ended three years after the end of the WW II, in 1948. Before the WW I, Palestine was the part of the Ottoman Empire for the last 5 centuries. And during the lat century of its existence, Ottomans began to accept the primacy of Turkish nation. That led to the discrimination of Arabs.
During the WW I, many Jews and Arabs were supporting allied powers for the promise of liberation of Ottoman Empire, which led to the emergence of the Arab nationalism. After the WW I, Palestine area became British and was called the British mandate of Palestine (Geddes 45-51). Starting with that period of time, immigration of Jewish people to Palestine increased, which increased tensions in the region. After Nazi came to power in Germany, Jewish population in Palestine almost doubled.
Palestinian Arabs saw that as the threat to their country unity and people identity. Later, particular policies were introduced, which made the situation even worse- Jewish policies prohibited Arab employment in Jewish companies and restricted possibilities of land purchase. Arabs considered those Jewish preference policies be unfair, as they were only immigrants on their land.
Those increasing discontents led to the Arab revolt in Palestine in 1936-1939. As a result, British government finally decreased the number of Jewish immigrants. But soon after that, period of Nazi Holocaust started, and the Jewish immigration continued, though it was illegal then. The tensions were rising in the region, and the committee to solve problems in Palestine was appointed by United Nations- UNSCOP, with the representatives from eleven states, which proposed the separation of Arab and Jewish territories and establish a partitioned state. This decision was approved in 1947, even though the Arab representatives (Arab League) voted against (Feste 124). That was the opening of the strategic fight for controlling major positions in Palestine of Arab and Jewish population. In 1948, Israel declared its sovereignty and independence and the day after that Arab League expressed its open opposition to the partition of the land and armies of Lebanon, Syria, Egypt, Jordan and Iraq invaded the Arab Palestine and the War of 1948 began. Israeli Defense Forces succeeded in repulsing Arab armies from occupied territories and extending their borders. The War ended with the signing of the Armistice Agreements between Israel and each Arab ally in 1949 and the armistice line, also called green line, was established and internationally recognized.
The second period lasted from 1949 to 1967 and is famous for the violation of Armistice agreement by the Arab side, when Egypt closed Straits of Tiran to the shipping of Israel and the Gulf of Acaba was blockaded in 1956. The Israeli answer to those events was the invasion of the Sinai Peninsula and Gaza Strip in the same year with the assistance of Britain and France. Finally United States and United Nations interfered and the conflict was provisionally resolved. UNEF United Nations Emergency Force was created to control the situation. May, 30-June, 5 1967- Six-Day War, as a results of which Israel again gained control over Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, the West Bank, the Golan Heights and eastern Jerusalem (Freedman 245-64).
The third period lasted only 5 years- from 1967 till 1973, during which Arab leaders finally decided that they do not recognize the state of Israel, they do not want the peace and no negotiations with Israel were discussed. In 1969 the War of Attrition was initiated by Egypt aiming to get Sinai Peninsula back, but the war ended suddenly with Nasser’s death in 1970. Three years later, Yom Kippur was attacked by Syria and Egypt, which started the indirect confrontation between the USSR and the USA on the basis of the nuclear weapon.
The forth period started in 1974 and ended in 2000, which is outstanding for signing peace treaties of Israel with Jordan (1994), Egypt (1979) and Lebanon (1983) and for Israel destruction of Iraq nuclear facilities (1981).
The last period is still lasting from 2000. In 2006 the Lebanon War took place. On the 6th of September, 2007 Israel side bombed northern Syrian complex, which was suspected to hold nuclear missiles of North Korea.
Arab peace plan was first introduced in 2002 and was aiming to withdraw Israelites from Arab territories, which were occupied since 1967, establish the independent Palestinian state and promote overall normalization and stabilization of Arab-Israeli relationships. That peace initiative was introduced by the Arab League at the Riyadh Summit in 2007, which was welcomed by Israel, but needs time for implementation.
In the conclusion I would like to say that even though Arab-Israeli conflict lasts for about a century already, the foundation for its resolution is already laid with the Arab Peace Initiative.
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