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Tuesday, July 17, 2012

Free Thesis Paper Samples

Some Facts about Free Thesis Paper Samples

Every student who wants to achieve high academic degrees and become a professional in his sphere needs to spend much time on paper writing. The most time and energy consuming paper at a university is thesis paper. Young applicants for MA and PhD degrees need to complete successful thesis on a certain topic on the major discipline. A thesis is a profound research of a problem, where student has to show his skills to analyze facts, collect proper data, investigate things, create interesting and fresh opinion concerning the topic under research. Students often need more than half a year to complete their thesis papers and defend them in front of the professor. It is obvious that thesis has strict structure, logical composition, firm rules of writing which every student has to follow.

The main difficulty for every student working out a thesis paper is the lack of time. It is quite difficult to devote three hours of the whole day on thesis writing when you have other assignments on other subjects. Most students who feel that they will not manage to complete their thesis on time apply for professional help at online writing companies who offer their service in the Internet. Naturally, being a long paper, thesis is quite an expensive order for an ordinary student, that is why many students have to write their thesis themselves. Young professionals realize the power of the world web and use it for writing their academic papers. Unfortunately, many students use the advantages of the Internet incorrectly.

Today there are thousands of web sites which offer free help for students providing them with the samples of ready-made thesis papers on various topics and subjects. On one hand it is a great advantage, because students have a chance to see and compare different thesis and catch the idea of successful paper writing, but that is all. There far more disadvantages of this help. Most students do not realize that free sample thesis papers must not be used in the writing process of their academic papers, because of the problem of plagiarism. If you take a paragraph or two from such a free example, the professor will feel it at once and punish you severely.

Then, most free thesis samples are prepared carelessly. Their quality is very low, there are many mistakes, they include out-of-date data and very often the general structure of such papers is altered, what means that such help will only be more harmful than useful. Besides, most free thesis examples are shorter than the original variant of this paper, so the value of their assistance is very low. To sum it all up, free thesis samples are useful only if you need to realize the general structure of the paper and the way it can be organized. All in all, why not to order a Custom Thesis from professional dissertation writing service?

Monday, July 16, 2012

How to Hire a Dissertation Writer

How to Hire a Dissertation Writer?

Nearly every student dreams about successful academic career, scientific achievements and high degrees, PhD especially. In order to achieve the highest academic degrees, students have to complete much work and a special paper at the end of the final course - a dissertation. A dissertation is the most serious and the longest in volume paper of your university period. A good dissertation should contain all your professional skills, your knowledge, general development, critical thinking abilities, skills of the explorer and creator - all these points must be presented in your dissertation if you want to be treated like a serious young professional and achieve the degree. Like the rest of the academic papers a dissertation possesses logical strict structure with obligatory chapters arranged according to the required formats, so you can not just write free sentences on the topic chaotically.

Students who face the problem of dissertation writing, finally mostly give up, being unable to complete a good paper on time. That is why the majority of students who feel difficulties with their dissertations look for help at numerous online writing services. The Internet gives great possibilities for students who do not have enough time or writing experience complete their dissertations by the deadline. If you have no idea how to hire a good dissertation writer - first of all concentrate on the choice of the writing service. It is reasonable to work with professional writing companies but not amateur teams of writers who mostly practise free style of writing missing the key points and dissertation sections. A professional dissertation writer is aware of all writing requirements of modern educational institutions and knows how to write a successful paper.

When you ask: ‘Need somebody to hire for writing my dissertation for money’ - you will be surprised to find an astonishing number of writing helpers. Frankly speaking, it is quite easy to detect an amateur writing team, as their rates are quite low and the design of their web sites is nearly always poor. 

Dissertation writing is the most serious assignment, so you need the most experienced and top-educated experts. Professional writing companies employ only well-trained PhD academic dissertation writers who have completed at least several successful dissertations, so try to devote your paper to such people. Asking: ‘Need to pay somebody to write my dissertation for me’ - do not forget about the aspect of originality. Reliable writing services always prepare totally original non-plagiarized authentic dissertations to satisfy their customers.

Remember that Professional Dissertation Writers demand quite a big sum of money for their work but you may be calm about the quality of your dissertation, as an experienced top-certified writer will treat your order with responsibility and you will be surely satisfied with the result. Besides, most writing agencies offer special discounts for their customers nowadays to make their services affordable for everybody, so it is possible to win time for pleasure and raise your grades for completely fair price. Hiring professional dissertation writers is the best solution for you.


Sunday, July 15, 2012

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Saturday, July 14, 2012

Disadvantages of Free Dissertation Examples

Disadvantages of Free Dissertation Examples

Dissertation writing is the most serious process for every student who strives to win the highest academic degrees and to build successful academic career. Evidently, a dissertation is a big in volume paper on certain topic which is mostly poorly investigated. Teachers and professors suggest their students take such topics in order to give them a possibility to show their creative and research skills and present something new into the discipline. Students are generally given a year to complete their dissertations, but very often some students need even more. It does not worth mentioning that the year of constant research, investigations, visiting the libraries, surfing the Internet, reading piles of encyclopedias, scientific journals and articles is a big stress for students who have much additional work to do.

Students who are run out of time have serious problems with writing a dissertation. Most of students need extra writing assistance to be able to complete a well-structured, well-formatted dissertation which will impress the professor. The majority of students take advantage of online writing services and pay for writing a dissertation. Unfortunately, it is not easy to find a trustworthy writer who will be professional enough to provide you with a successful well-analyzed dissertation. Moreover, a Custom Dissertation paper purchased in the web is quite expensive and you understand why. Online companies hire the best top-certified brains to complete a marvellous dissertation for you and these brains need money.

Students who can not afford buying a dissertation online have to write these papers themselves. Due to the access to the Internet it is quite possible to write a dissertation coordinating the writing process with numerous free dissertation examples on different web sites. Free dissertation examples are quite useful if you want to learn the structure of the paper and what data is required there, but there is a list of certain disadvantages. First of all, if you take some information from a free dissertation, your professor will detect it at once and you will have serious problems. Then, remember that a free dissertation can not be called a high-quality one. There is a chance that it even does not worth reading, because of incorrect chaotic structure, incorrect citation styles and dubious literary sources.

Free example dissertations for Undergraduate, Master's and PhD degrees are mostly written on general topics which are not required any more. Such out-of-date data will not be useful for you, because very often the structure of a dissertation depends on the topic. Most online free examples are extremely shortened, so you can not imagine how a real good dissertation should look like after reading such samples. So, if you want to receive a good mark for your dissertation, there are two variants: order it online or doing the total work yourself without paying attention to poor-quality examples in the Internet.

Tuesday, July 10, 2012

Dissertation on Video Games

Dissertation on Video Games

Virtual Driving and Risk Taking: Do Racing Games Increase Risk-Taking
Cognitions, Affect, and Behaviors?
There is a very popular term nowadays - “echo generation” – a generation of young people, between 2 and 27, who are the first to grow up with computers and the Internet. In fact, the interactive computer and video games that are based on the digital computer technology are one of the most important peculiarities of the “new” advanced generation. Some people nowadays use video games, to transport them away from the real world that oppresses, discriminates upsets them. By doing that they create a fantasy world in which they can forget their problems and pressures. What is different about this leisure activity of the 21st century is that when people watched or read, everything they got involved with was happening in their imagination. However video games players are actively involved in the game, involved to the extent that they simply make the game a part of their real life.
There can be no doubt that today the world is advancing at a rapid pace, especially when it comes to technological development. There is also no doubt that the information technology has made the world different: both in a positive and negative way.  The computer and video game industry is a growing multi million dollar industry, which, as predicted, may became larger then Hollywood empire. It is poised for even much growth as it spread into almost all areas of our lives. In the last five years video games have attracted much attention, they were criticized, studied, there were a lot of researches and surveys carried out. But what was that attracted that much attention to them?

The reason why the video games attracted attention was that it had been noticed that playing video games effects people greatly. So the researchers decided to find out whether games have had negative effects on the children, or whether society has overreacted. There are still a lot of different opinions on the influence of the video games, however there is no denying the fact that this influence does exist. In my paper I would like to take a closer look at the research conducted by German scientists Peter Fischer, Stephanie Guter and from Dieter Frey Ludwig-Maximilians University and Jorg Kubitzki from Allianz Center for Technology.

I chose my paper to dwell upon the research of the mentioned scientists because it was rather different from the other ones being carried. Most researches on the impact of video games on psychological responses are conducted in the shooter genre. This genre allows video game players to walk through real life situations and kill monsters and other people. An, of course, most of those researches proved that the playing of aggressive games draws aggressive cognitions, affect, and behavioral responses. (Fischer, Guter, Frey, Kubitzki) However the research we are going to look at now was carried out differently, with the help of psychological tests.

The research was carried out with the help of three studies, using GAM model that investigated the impact of racing games on cognitions, affect, and behaviors positively related to risk taking in road traffic. To begin with, the researchers distributed a survey for young drivers that included questions on their road traffic behaviors as well as how often they played trendy car racing games. The second study performed was a little more complex. As the correlative studies are not able to resolve the causes and effects, scientists decided to directly manipulate the participants of the research. What they did was that they manipulated whether participants played one of three racing games or one of three “nonracing” games. The received dependent variable showed “the accessibility of cognitions” (risk-related terms and ideas) and affect (arousal, excitement)”.  These two variables were associated with increased risk taking tendencies in road traffic. (Fischer, Guter, Frey, Kubitzki) Finally, the study number 3 was conducted in the way that the risk taking in actual road traffic behavior was more closely observed and examined.  The scientists had the participants play either a more aggressive racing game or a neutral game first. After that they measured risk-taking behavior in critical road traffic situations “with a standardized and established computer-based reaction time measure for risk taking in road traffic.” (Fischer, Guter, Frey, Kubitzki)

After concluding the three mentioned above studies, the scientists came to the conclusion that there is a positive association between the playing of racing games and self-reported risk promotion in real road traffic behavior. The researchers proved that virtual racing lead to aggressive driving, particularly among men, as women did not usually play video games as much. Having observed the negative impact of aggressive video games on violent responding of the participants, the scientists came to the conclusion that there is also a negative impact on cognitions, affect, and behaviors of those playing the games. The study has also shown that those who play video games tend to get into car accidents much more often than those who do not.

Almost since the time they appeared, there has been a constantly increasing amount of violence in video games. That is quite true that playing video games is an enjoyable activity however, as we can see from the research mentioned above, nowadays playing video games is not only about fun, but it can have serious consequences indeed. It is deliberately obvious, as for me, that the effects of video games on people are the need for alarm today. Still it is understandable that the situation is not as dramatic as it may seem from the first glance.   The increase in aggression people get from playing video games is temporary. And the aggression does go away with time when if a frequent exposure is removed.

So the conclusion is that even though the video games are rather dangerous and can lead to terrible consequences, we should just exercise our common sense,  and then video games will not only be safe, but actually beneficial. Since they definitely do make people more relaxed as well as it can be said that they develop attention skills. What should be done, as I think, is that parents who are concerned about their children’s behavior should check the game cover for pictures and ratings before purchasing it.  In addition to that it is necessary that the influence of racing games in real life driving should be revealed to the public and in that way prevent the future car accident and rule breaking. 
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Monday, July 9, 2012

Who Will Write My PhD Thesis?

Who Will Write My PhD Thesis?

Every student dreams about achieving the highest academic degree - the doctoral degree. It is obvious that students have to complete numerous written papers studying at a university to be permitted to write a PhD thesis paper which opens the way to the receiving of the PhD diploma. A good PhD thesis is a great piece of writing which judges student’s knowledge, writing skills, critical thinking, ambitions, abilities to research and investigate new things. A doctoral thesis has a strict structure which must not be changed. The general topic is divided into subtopics, in addition there are many thesis parts which help students organize the writing process and teachers to measure student’s organization skills. For example a successful thesis paper should contain well-prepared introduction, abstract, hypothesis, methodology, results, discussion, literature review, conclusion sections and students have to follow this structure not to miss a single point. Every thesis chapter is essential, so you have to work hard to complete a good entire PhD thesis paper. As you see writing a PhD thesis is a difficult and serious matter, so students always look for professional writing assistance in the web.

The Internet is a reliable savior for modern students, because here they can keep in touch with online custom writing services who are able to provide students with PhD Thesis Writing Help on any topic. When you ask: 'Who will write my PhD thesis for money?' - you will see thousands of advertisements of various writing companies offering their services. Asking: 'Need a professional to write my PhD thesis' - you will easily find a good service which recruits PhD academic writers who have completed hundreds of successful PhD thesis. Devote your thesis to the experts from the US, the UK, Canada and Australia, who are able to provide you with high-quality help.

When you ask: 'Please, write my PhD thesis for cheap and proofread it carefully', a trustworthy writing service will cover these requirements. Due to the number of writing teams in the market, it is easy to find an affordable writing helper. Many writing companies offer professional assistance and original non-plagiarized content for low price to satisfy and attract new customers.

'Who will write my PhD thesis online in short terms?' - this request is quite popular among the students who remember about their assignment when the deadline is close. Nevertheless, most writing companies manage to complete great winning PhD thesis papers on time and deliver them without a delay online. As you see, it is possible to improve your academic career even if you have problems which disable you to develop your PhD thesis properly; a reliable online writing service will easily cope with your paper and help you raise your grades.

Friday, July 6, 2012

Dissertation on GIS

Dissertation: Using GIS to Map Crime

Introduction
Nowadays, GIS are widely used in different fields improving the effectiveness of work of many specialists and providing fast and objective results for the further analysis. In this respect, the use of GIS to map crime seems to be particularly important since GIS crime mapping originates from earlier police crime maps, when police used hardcopy pin maps to chart criminal activity. However, these early maps had serious disadvantages compared to GIS crime mapping. To put it more precisely, they were static, and as the crime rates increased, they grew more and more difficult to maintain. As a result, in recent years due to the rapid development of IT and user-friendly software, manual crime mapping gave way to computerized crime mapping.

In such a situation, it is quite natural to use GIS to map crime in certain areas in order to increase the effectiveness of the work of police and analysts who target at the minimization of the level of crime. It will also help better understand the current trends and forecast the further development of criminal situation.

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Requirement and the aim of the report
Obviously, in order to prove the effectiveness of GIS to map crime, it is necessary to know how to apply GIS in this field, i.e. in the criminal justice field focusing on the crime mapping in certain areas. Furthermore, it will also need to clearly define the types of data sets required for an application of GIS to crime mapping. At the same time, it is also necessary to carefully analyze the use of GIS in crime mapping in order to be able to make a definite conclusion as for its effectiveness and perspectives of its use. Consequently, the main goal of this report is to analyze the possibility of applying GIS to map crime and its effectiveness.

In this respect, it should be pointed out that GIS may be used to crime mapping since GIS can link database software to graphic software to create visual images of various types of data in map format. In fact, it is a unique tool for analyzing physical space and conveying perspective. Presenting data in a form of a map helps specialists understand the significance of where, when and by whom crimes are committed.

At the present moment, it is possible to collect an enormous amount of data and, what is more, the need in GIS crime mapping increases as the crime rates have led to the increase need to organize, sort, analyze and disseminate data. In such a situation GIS crime mapping helps deliver data in a more efficient and instructive manner.

On developing GIS to map crime, it is necessary to point out that GIS software applied in this field should represent data on a map using points, lines, and polygons. Features that can be represented as points include streetlight poles, crime events and bus stops.

In this respect, it should be sad that streetlight poles represented on the map can in a combination with crime events can reveal the fact to which extent the enlightenment of streets can affect crimes. In other words, it will be possible to find out whether enlighten territories are less exposed to crimes or, probably, streetlight poles can decrease the risk of the commitment of a crime as offenders prefer dark streets where the risk of being arrested or face some resistance from the part of a victim is higher. As for the bus stops they are also essential as similarly to the data concerning streetlight poles, bus stops can inform a researcher about the presence of public on the crimes. To put it more precisely, it will be possible to learn whether such places as bus stops, where people are actually waiting for a bus, are good place to commit crimes or probably the presence of ‘undesirable’ witnesses may prevent offenders from committing a crime, or, in contrast, whether bus stops can attract offenders as a place where potential victim can be exposed to criminal attack. Anyway, for both sorts of data, the collection of data of crime events is of a paramount importance since these data provide an opportunity to analyze the basic trends in crime events and interlink them with other data. For instance, it would be possible to find the areas of the higher risk of possible criminal attack, as well as find out possible solutions helping decrease such a risk.

Bus routes, streets, and rivers may be represented using lines, while counties, states and ZIP codes may be depicted using polygons. All these data are primarily needed to clearly localize the geography of crime. Practically, it means that bus routes and streets presented on the suggested crime map can reveal the areas that are more exposed to crime commitment. In other words, it will be possible to reveal what areas are more dangerous from the point of view of the risk of being offended by a criminal. Rivers are also important since they have to be presented on the map as a potentially risky area or kind of borderlines between areas where crime rates are different. It means that potentially rivers, or river banks, may be scenes of crimes if they are not sufficiently secured and if the rate of crimes in the given area is high. Similalry counties, states, and ZIP codes can be also used to localize crimes and find out areas where the rates of crimes are higher or lower that can help better analyze the situation and reveal the causes of such disparities. Basically, GIS software is designed to capture, store, manage, integrate, and manipulate various layers of data, including those mentioned above, allowing the user to visualize and analyze data in a spatial environment as may be seen in the Exhibit 1, for instance.

Obviously, on creating GIS, it is necessary to remember that GIS should contain base information that orients the map to the reader. For instance, the base information should include roads and state and county boundaries. In this respect, it should be said that the information from the road atlas may be used to create an effective GIS crime mapping.

Furthermore, it should be said that in GIS, a database can represent a layer of information and that can be expanded to create additional layer. For instance, the OVC Subgrant Award Report System (SARS) could be one layer, with the location of all subgrantees defined as individual points on that layer. Another layer of data can be added by querying the SARS database for a particular type of service provider, such as programs for survivor of homicide victims. This additional layer would be mapped using a different color or graphic symbol.

It should be pointed out that GIS is really important since it gives users the ability to analyze multiple layers of information. As a result, it is not only possible to create additional layers from a single database, they can also integrate disparate data sets from other sources such as police departments, planning and housing agencies, and the tax assessor’s office (Exhibit 2). Each agency’s data would become another layer of information in GIS. With this layering of information, it is possible to discern spatial relationships among previously dissociated data. For instance, the data of SARS layer information could be overlaid with incidents of domestic violence cases and locations of public transportation systems. With this displayed information it is possible to examine how accessible services and the criminal justice system are for domestic violence victims.

Furthermore, GIS can pinpoint the physical location of features in every layer. It allows an administrator to conduct spatial searches or queries in addition to tabular database queries. For instance, a tabular database query can retrieve information about increase or decrease in the number of crime victim compensation claims submitted in a particular area.

Also it should be pointed out that GIS also require agency-specific data. In this respect, it is worthy of mention that if an agency collect data via Excel, Access, Pro, Paradox, or any other type of spreadsheet or database management system, the data have potential to be used in GIS, but must have a geographic reference. In general, ZIP codes, street addresses, or x-y coordinates are used to link data to the map by geocoding, or plotting on a map, the data. For instance (Exhibit 3), a street address such as 1150 Main Street can be matched against a street centerline file to determine its location. The geocoding function will link an address to its approximate location on the street segment based on its number. For instance, 1150 Main Street would be placed on the even side of the street about halfway between 1100 and 1200 blocks.

It is also noteworthy that in order to protect private or confidential information, sensitive data are geocoded to the street block, ZIP code, or census-tract level rather than the street level to reduce the possibility of identifying an individual from the mapped data.

Methodology used
Speaking about the practical application of GIS to crime mapping and its methodology, it should be said that a variety of maps can be created using GIS software. As for the potential crime map that can be created it is possible to suggest two most common types of maps, namely, pin maps and thematic maps.

As for pin maps, it should be said that pins may be used to identify important locations. It is quite noteworthy that pin maps have long helped police officers patrol neighborhoods and detectives investigate crimes. In such a situation, in the suggested crime map GIS can enable law enforcement agencies to create, update, duplicate, and distribute pin maps more effectively and easier.

Administrators of VOCA victim assistance can plot the locations of victim service providers on pin maps to identify gaps in and duplication of services. Victim service providers can display the vicinity of crime victims to better coordinate their efforts with other providers. The pin map is one of the easiest map to create. Exhibit 4 shows the location of all homicides that occurred in Washington DC, in 1994 and 1995. During the two-year period, there were 756 murders and all but one occurred east of the Rock Creek Park. The similar map may be used for nay other area. Although the points on the map only show location, they reveal the spatial significance that cannot be discerned using a tabular query.

Alternatively, it is possible to create a thematic map which can identify the density value of a particular attribute, such as the number of assaults, crime victim service centers, or victim compensation claims in a geographically defined boundary composed of a state, police precinct, county, neighborhood, census tract, or victim service provider catchment area (Exhibit 5). In exhibit 6, density values are used to create a map with shaded colors representing the different values between the boundaries that allow users to examine patterns across selected boundaries. The shading of thematic maps ranges from light to dark, with the lightest shade representing the lowest value and the darkest shade representing the highest value. This particular exhibit (exhibit 6) shows the density of California VOCA subgrantees by county but the similar map may be used for other areas as well.
In such a way, the implementation of GIS software to map crime leads to the higher efficiency of work of police departments as well as justice system at large since data collected may be presented in a more comprehensible form that is much easier for the perception than traditional maps. Moreover, the amount of data that could be potentially analyzed increases substantially and, what is more, it would be practically impossible to make the similar analysis with such amount information if the crime mapping were made manually.

As for the perspective results of the creation of a crime map, it is possible to say that the map will enable the law enforcement agencies, as well as all specialists working on the problem of crime prevention, to better trace the crime location, find out the areas of the higher risk, and even, to a certain extent, understand the causes of crime. For instance, on the basis of the data that could be used in the suggested map, it would be possible to find out what streets are more exposed to crimes, or whether the enlighten streets are safer to citizens, etc. On analyzing these data, it will be possible to develop an effective plan of prevention of crimes in risky areas. For instance, it will be possible to increase the presence of police patrols in the areas where the risk of being offended is particularly high, or if streetlight poles increase safety of streets it will be possible to develop a program to improve the enlightening of streets.

Conclusion and recommendations
Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that GIS may be very helpful for crime mapping. Moreover, it is practically essential in the modern world since it provides excellent opportunity to process and analyze larger amount of data in a shorter term. It is also worthy of mention that there are a variety of methods that could be used for GIS crime mapping which can be applied and implemented in practice. It is important that GIS crime mapping is user-friendly this is why it will be easy to use crime maps created to any user that is very serious advantage of GIS crime mapping compared to manual one. Obviously, GIS crime mapping can potentially improve substantially the work of police department and justice system at large as it will increase the opportunity to better understand when, where and by whom crimes are committed and, consequently, it will be possible to forecast the crimes and prevent them.

This is why it is possible to recommend implementing the suggested crime map as an effective tool which can really help decrease the level of crime rates and improve the situation dramatically in the areas where it is particularly needed. At the same time, it is possible to recommend continuing work on the development more efficient methods of GIS crime mapping in order to make this process even easier and effective.
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This is a small excerpt from dissertation on GIS topic. As free dissertation samples and dissertation proposal examples are plagiarized we recommend you not to use it in your own dissertation or thesis paper. Why not to get online dissertation writing help on GIS from professional dissertation writing company? Top-rated PhD academic writers will write a custom dissertation on any topic and discipline from scratch!

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Wednesday, July 4, 2012

Entrepreneurship Dissertation

Entrepreneurship Dissertation

Amgen is 30-year old biotechnology firm headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California, with locations all over the world. The name is short for Applied Molecular Genetics, a name now recognized as the most successful biotech firm ever created. It was formed in 1980 buy a group of scientists and venture capitalists, including Marvin Caruthers ("Denver Business Journal") and Dr. Joseph Rubinfeld, ("Trading Markets") using a total $19 million gathered from private investments ("Funding Universe"). The man behind this marvel of a company is George Rathmann. Rathmann was the first CEO appointed by the 4 original founders of Amgen. Today he is considered by many to be the Bill Gates of the biotechnology industry (Pfeiffer).

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Over the years, Amgen has advanced its sciences through strategic partnerships and acquisitions. The financial strength and availability of resources of this pioneering company have allowed for subsidiary firms to bring their ideas to life. Amgen has made it a priority to become a community ambassador for the communities in which they thrive. The Amgen Scholars, the Teach for America Amgen Fellows Program, and the Amgen Award for Science Teaching Excellence are just a few of the education initiatives supported by the pharmaceutical giant. In 1991, the Amgen Foundation was formed. The Amgen foundation is a philanthropic initiative designed to help various causes such as the promotion of science education and the improvement of quality of care of patients (“amgen.com”).

Microsoft has become a household name that, despite his current lack of involvement in the company’s dealings, is synonymous with the name of its founding father, Bill Gates. Bill Gates is best known for establishing Microsoft’s Windows operating system for the PC, its integrated Office workflow system, and most recently, its videogame platform called the XBOX. During the year it was founded in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, the company employed just 3 people, including its founders. A year later, Bill Gates, still enrolled as a student in Harvard University, became one of the first programmers to publicly address the issue of software piracy. The product that the partnership of Gates and Allen focused on during this time was Microsoft BASIC designed for the Altair 8800 personal computer
    
Throughout a period that lasted the next 7 years, Microsoft’s annual revenues had exponentially increased, from $16 thousand in 1975 to over $1.1 billion in 1982. In 1989, three years after its initial public offering, Microsoft launched its earliest version of Office. As of 2004, Microsoft employed over 57 thousand people ("History of Computing Project"). The firm’s revenues the first quarter of 2011 are estimated to reach $15.8 billion (Rosoff).

One can notice a few differences when he or she analyses the way that these two companies were founded. While Bill Gates and Paul Allen formed an informal partnership as students with little financial backing, George Rathmann was appointed CEO after years of experience at 3M. Rathmann also had the support of the company’s founders, which included scientists and venture capitalists.

Although both companies achieved incredible feats until this day, the early structure of Microsoft indicates a more entrepreneurial spirit. This is also evident in the firms’ corporate identity today.
It is true that both companies have shown characteristics of entrepreneurship throughout their history.

However, the growth of Amgen has been largely attributed to acquisitions and mergers. The firm’s growth strategy has seen the firm capitalize on entrepreneurs’ ideas and creativity in a way that almost disallows independent growth. In order to secure the future growth of the company, Amgen has ensured that it has control over major projects that could bring future success. In an excerpt of an article dated September 2007, Allison Bruce reports the downsizing and restructuring of Amgen as an opportunity that can boost the number of local startups (Bruce).

Although Microsoft has participated in a lot of buyouts in the past as well, it has helped a lot of small startups expand their business. While Amgen focuses its social initiatives on education, Microsoft does not neglect the importance of promoting entrepreneurship. The company provides dozens of products, such as Project, Dynamics CRM, and Windows Small Business Server, all of which are designed to improve business efficiency for all types of businesses around the world. These tools can be found on the integrated resource provided by Microsoft, called the Microsoft Business for Small & Midsize Companies.
    
Microsoft’s corporate values preach entrepreneurship. For example, the Software Entrepreneurship for Students program is a university-level program that focuses on developing technology students’ entrepreneurial skills (“Partner Solution MarketPlace”).
    
The concept of intrapreneurship, which refers to acting like an entrepreneur within the confines of a larger company, is one that suits Microsoft to a tee. The hugely popular XBOX is a prime example of how intrapreneurship takes place at Microsoft. Robbie Bach and J Allard are in charge of team XBOX. Although they had performed under the guidance of Mr. Gates, they mostly benefitted from the flexible infrastructure of the firm, along with the capital and human resources made available to them via the firm (Shukla). It is evident that Microsoft is a company that encourages initiative and not just education. It is possible that this corporate strategy would not work as well for Amgen but it is not necessarily considered a negative or a fault. Given the broad scope of a company like Microsoft, it is easier, and makes more economical sense to assume such a strategy.
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